For Your Binder

When it feels like common sense and everyone should just "know it" (but they don't) it can be affirming to read about why it feels that way.  Bottom-up behaviors are instinctual and unintentional. Top-down ones are deliberate and intentional. There is a difference. And how we approach them needs to be differentiated as well! #teaching #learning #relationships #specialed #expulsion #environment

Black students were the only race where both boys and girls were disproportionately disciplined across six disciplinary actions examined, which included corporal punishment, in- and out-of-school suspensions, expulsions and school-related arrests. #implicitbias #teaching #expulsion #equity

This brief was compiled by The Foundation for Child Development and summarizes the first study ever conducted (Gilliam, 2005) on the rate of expulsion in prekindergarten programs.  #teaching #learning #equity #expulsion #implicitbias

There is no evidence that pressuring children to read at five improves later reading ability - but there is much concern that is damaging. #DAP #learning #teaching #reading #expulsion #play

Boys were over four times as likely to be expelled as girls, and African-American preschoolers were about twice as likely to be expelled as preschoolers of European descent. Although a pattern of particular risk for expulsion with African-American students has been demonstrated during K-12, the pattern of disparity appears to begin much earlier.  #teaching #learning #equity #implicitbias #expulsion

This study attempts to explain the underlying processes that contribute to the well-documented racial disparities in school readiness, educational achievement and in later life opportunity. #teaching #learning #equity #implicitbias #expulsion